Self-harm is complex — what Arizonans need to know to help their teens
Posted
Patrick Buehl
Photo by Mathew Molyneux
By Patrick Buehl | Horizon Recovery
Self-harm is a complex and often misunderstood issue, serving as a coping mechanism for those experiencing intense emotional distress rather than a cry for attention.
The average age of youths who reported encountering self-harm was approximately 11 years old, so it’s imperative to recognize the signs, and knowing how to respond is critical in offering the right support and guiding individuals toward healing.
Common misconceptions about self-harm
There are several harmful myths surrounding self-harm:
It’s just for attention: Self-harm is usually private and a coping mechanism, not attention-seeking.
Self-harm is not always an indicator of suicidal intent: Many individuals engage in self-harm to relieve emotional distress or numb feelings, and it may not be a direct path to suicide. However, those who self-harm may still be at a higher risk for suicidal thoughts or behaviors, emphasizing the need for appropriate support and intervention.
Talking about it makes it worse: Open, compassionate conversations can reduce shame and provide support.
Self-harm and coexisting mental health conditions
Self-harm often coexists with other mental health conditions, including:
Borderline personality disorder: Individuals with BPD may use self-harm to manage intense emotions or as a way to feel control over their feelings.
Eating disorders: Self-harm can be a form of punishment or a way to cope with feelings related to body image or food-related distress.
Substance abuse: Both self-harm and substance abuse are maladaptive coping mechanisms used to numb emotional pain, often creating a cycle.
Autism spectrum disorder: People with ASD may self-harm as a response to sensory overload, emotional distress or difficulty expressing their emotions.
When self-harm intersects with these conditions, a comprehensive, integrated treatment plan that addresses the full spectrum of emotional and psychological needs is essential.
Recognizing the signs of self-harm
Self-harm can often go unnoticed, especially if someone is hiding it. Watch for these key signs if you suspect someone is self-harming:
Unexplained injuries: Cuts, burns or bruises in hidden areas like forearms or thighs.
Covering up: Wearing long sleeves or pants in warm weather to hide marks or injuries.
Social withdrawal: Avoiding others to keep struggles private.
Verbal signs: Expressing feelings of worthlessness, numbness or losing control.
Risky behavior: Engaging in dangerous activities to feel physical pain as a way to cope emotionally.
The role of family in treatment and prevention
Family involvement is key in treatment and prevention, with teen centers like Horizon Recovery highlighting its importance in healing through:
Family therapy: Improves communication and promotes healing for all.
Parent education: Helps parents understand and support their loved one’s struggles.
Support groups: Offers comfort and insight from others facing similar challenges.
How friends and family can help prevent self-harm
Friends and family play an essential role in preventing self-harm by creating a supportive and open environment. Here’s how they can help:
Open communication: Have honest, non-judgmental conversations to encourage seeking help.
Identify triggers: Recognize and address triggers in healthier ways.
Encourage healthy coping: Suggest alternative coping methods like journaling, art or mindfulness.
Promote professional support: Encourage therapy and counseling to break the cycle.
Proper response is critical
If you suspect a loved one is self-harming, how you respond is critical:
Show compassion: Express concern and listen without judgment.
Create a safe space: Allow them to share when ready, ensuring a non-threatening environment.
Encourage therapy: Suggest professional help and assist with resources or appointments.
Validate their pain: Avoid minimizing their emotions; acknowledge their struggles.
Coping alternatives and professional help
In addition to professional intervention, individuals can benefit from healthier coping strategies:
Journaling: Helps process and release emotions safely.
Physical activity: Reduces tension and boosts mood.
Art therapy: Offers a creative outlet for emotional healing.
Mindfulness: Reduces anxiety and promotes emotional regulation.
Getting professional help is crucial for recovering from self-harm, as mental health specialists can guide you in building healthier coping strategies, working through emotional pain and supporting long-term healing.
There are many resources available for those in need, including inpatient and outpatient centers like Horizon Recovery, the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, SAFE Alternatives (selfinjury.com) and the Crisis Text Line (text HOME to 741741). Platforms like Headspace, Woebot Health, Moodfit, 7 Cups and IMAlive also provide vital support and guidance for those seeking help.
Editor’s note: Patrick Buehl is the executive director at Horizon Recovery, a behavioral health treatment organization serving adolescents via six locations in Buckeye, Glendale, Peoria, Phoenix and Scottsdale. Please send your comments to AzOpinions@iniusa.org. We are committed to publishing a wide variety of reader opinions, as long as they meet our Civility Guidelines.
